Offline fragment-based RGB-D reconstruction: 50-frame TSDF fragments are registered pairwise by geometric global registration, and a pose graph with line-process variables on loop-closure edges and a dense surface-alignment cost prunes false loop closures before ICP refinement and volumetric integration; also introduces the augmented ICL-NUIM benchmark (full-scan trajectories, realistic noise, office ground truth).

技術屬性

欄位內容為文獻擷取紀錄的原文用語(英文),以原文為據;「未查證」表示本研究尚未讀到該資訊,不代表該方法不具備此能力。

Robust Reconstruction of Indoor Scenes (Redwood) 的技術屬性
感測輸入RGB-D video from a consumer depth camera (SUN3D real scenes; augmented ICL-NUIM synthetic sequences with a disparity-based noise and distortion model); fragment-pair registration is geometric (FPFH on fragment point sets), sensor models not named
原文測試平台real indoor RGB-D sequences (SUN3D scenes and an apartment sequence; capture platform not described in the paper)、simulation (augmented ICL-NUIM living room and office; trajectories model thorough handheld scanning)
狀態估計Offline pipeline: RGB-D odometry (Kerl et al. 2013) inside 50-frame fragments; pose graph over fragment poses with odometry edges and loop-closure edges weighted by line-process variables l in [0, 1] with prior (sqrt(l) - 1)^2 and balance mu = tau^2 kappa, solved with g2o; edges with l < 0.25 pruned; ICP refinement of the remaining edges and final pose-graph optimization; optional SLAC non-rigid refinement
資料關聯Pairwise geometric registration of every fragment pair with a modified PCL FPFH plus RANSAC algorithm (four-point samples, normal-angle, edge-length and overlap checks); candidates kept when more than 30% overlap; alignment cost uses dense point correspondences within 5 cm
時間表示discrete poses (fragment poses; frame poses within fragments from odometry)
去畸變不適用 (RGB-D input)
迴圈閉合Geometric: every fragment pair tested by global registration, so loops are found even when images are not similar; false candidates removed by the line-process optimization
全域最佳化Offline robust pose-graph optimization of fragments (line processes, g2o), then ICP refinement and pose-graph optimization; optional non-rigid refinement
地圖表示fragment meshes from volumetric TSDF integration (Curless and Levoy) of 50-frame segments; final global volumetric integration
先驗資訊none
可輸出幾何global surface mesh (for example 15.8 million triangles for the 17,391-frame apartment)
計算需求Offline on a workstation with Intel Core i7-3770 3.5 GHz CPU and 16 GB RAM; total 29 to 187 minutes per evaluated sequence and 387 minutes for the apartment (supplementary Table 1)

使用設備

原文使用的感測器、運算硬體與載具(equipment)。型號保留原文寫法,連結到設備頁中同一型號的歸併名稱;角色依原文用途分為方法輸入、資料集感測器、執行運算平台、參考或真值量測(reference or ground truth)與比較對象設備。

原文使用的設備
類別型號(原文寫法)角色資料集原文規格出處
運算硬體workstation with Intel Core i7-3770 3.5GHz CPU and 16GB of RAM執行運算平台未標示all pipeline steps; registration timings single-threaded(Choi et al., 2015, Table 1 caption; supplementary Table 1)

作者報告的優勢與限制

優勢

限制

營建工程相關證據

論文未在施工現場測試,真實場景評估為 SUN3D 的住宅、旅館與校園室內,且以群眾外包成對比較評分,並非對照量測幾何真值。以片段為單位的離線重建與穩健迴圈閉合,適合工地資料事後處理的整層室內重建;Fig. 1 的公寓重建軌跡長 151.6 公尺,但單一序列需數小時處理。corpus 中 Dai et al., 2017a 以 Redwood 作為離線基準。

原文驗證環境:模擬、公開基準

報告的性能數據

以下是原文作者報告的性能數值(author-reported results),不是本研究重新量測的結果。每張圖只並列同一個比較組(comparison group,同一張表、同一組實驗設定)內的方法;不同比較組之間的數值不可直接比較,也不構成排名。

本方法共出現在 7 個比較組,合計 53 筆紀錄。以下列出本方法紀錄最多的 4 組,其餘 3 組列在最後,並連到性能比較頁。

Choi et al., 2015 · Table 2 本方法 16 筆

表格設定(擷取紀錄原文):Loop-closure recall of fragment pairs (ground-truth loop = more than 30% overlap; true positive if ground-truth correspondence RMSE below 0.2 m) (Choi et al., 2015, Table 2)

Recall (%),augmented ICL-NUIM (synthetic, realistic noise, full-scan trajectories) · Living room 1

只並列這張表在相同設定下報告的方法;以「本方法:」開頭者為本頁方法。失敗、未執行與未報告以標記呈現,不是 0。

按 Tab 進入圖表後,用上下方向鍵逐一瀏覽各類別,Esc 關閉提示框;也可開啟表格檢視閱讀全部數值。

這些是 Choi et al., 2015 在此表設定下報告的數值(author-reported results),只能在同一個比較組內對照,不代表方法在其他資料或設定下的表現。

統計量:原文未報告;對齊方式:未對齊;單位:%;場景:synthetic living room and office

資料來源作者報告值(Choi et al., 2015, Table 2)

數值與出處
方法(原文寫法)報告值出處
Geometric registration candidates before pruning本方法61.2%(Choi et al., 2015, Table 2)
After line-process pruning (Ours)本方法原文提出57.6%(Choi et al., 2015, Table 2)

Choi et al., 2015 · Supp. Table 1 本方法 13 筆

指標Total time (minutes)

表格設定(擷取紀錄原文):Total running time of all pipeline steps (fragment creation, geometric registration, robust optimization, ICP refinement, integration) per sequence (Choi et al., 2015, Supp. Table 1)

Total time (minutes),authors' apartment sequence · Apartment (17,391 frames)

這張表在此指標與資料序列只列出本方法一筆,沒有可並列的其他方法,因此不畫圖,數值與出處見下表。這是 Choi et al., 2015 在此表設定下報告的數值(author-reported results),不代表方法在其他資料或設定下的表現。

統計量:原文未報告;對齊方式:未對齊;單位:min;場景:indoor

數值與出處
方法(原文寫法)報告值出處
Ours本方法原文提出硬體:Intel Core i7-3770 3.5 GHz, 16 GB RAM387 min(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 1)

Choi et al., 2015 · Table 7 本方法 8 筆

指標BRE score

表格設定(擷取紀錄原文):Perceptual evaluation on real SUN3D scenes: Balanced Rank Estimation scores from 17,640 crowd-sourced pairwise comparisons (Amazon Mechanical Turk), range -1 to 1, higher is better; not a geometric measurement (Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)

BRE score,SUN3D · hotel umd

只並列這張表在相同設定下報告的方法;以「本方法:」開頭者為本頁方法。失敗、未執行與未報告以標記呈現,不是 0。

按 Tab 進入圖表後,用上下方向鍵逐一瀏覽各類別,Esc 關閉提示框;也可開啟表格檢視閱讀全部數值。

這些是 Choi et al., 2015 在此表設定下報告的數值(author-reported results),只能在同一個比較組內對照,不代表方法在其他資料或設定下的表現。

統計量:原文未報告;對齊方式:未對齊;單位:score (-1 to 1);場景:real indoor scenes (hotel, campus rooms, dormitory, lab)

資料來源作者報告值(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)

數值與出處
方法(原文寫法)報告值出處
DVO SLAM [34]-0.61(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)
Kintinuous [61]-0.45(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)
SUN3D SfM [65]-0.02(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)
Ours本方法原文提出0.66(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)
SUN3D manual (manually assisted reconstructions)0.56(Choi et al., 2015, Table 7)

Choi et al., 2015 · Supp. Table 3 本方法 4 筆

指標median distance to ground-truth surface (m)

表格設定(擷取紀錄原文):Median distance of each reconstructed model to the ground-truth surface (supplementary Appendix E) (Choi et al., 2015, Supp. Table 3)

median distance to ground-truth surface (m),augmented ICL-NUIM (synthetic, realistic noise, full-scan trajectories) · Living room 1

只並列這張表在相同設定下報告的方法;以「本方法:」開頭者為本頁方法。失敗、未執行與未報告以標記呈現,不是 0。

按 Tab 進入圖表後,用上下方向鍵逐一瀏覽各類別,Esc 關閉提示框;也可開啟表格檢視閱讀全部數值。

這些是 Choi et al., 2015 在此表設定下報告的數值(author-reported results),只能在同一個比較組內對照,不代表方法在其他資料或設定下的表現。

統計量:中位數(median);對齊方式:原文未報告;單位:m;場景:synthetic living room and office

資料來源作者報告值(Choi et al., 2015, Supp. Table 3)

數值與出處
方法(原文寫法)報告值出處
Kintinuous [61]0.17 m(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 3)
DVO SLAM [34]0.16 m(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 3)
SUN3D SfM [65]0.08 m(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 3)
Ours本方法原文提出0.03 m(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 3)
GT trajectory (input depth fused along ground truth, reference)0.03 m(Choi et al., 2015, Supplementary Table 3)

其他比較組

列出其餘 3 個比較組

來源

  • Choi et al., 2015

    Sungjoon Choi, Qian-Yi Zhou, Vladlen Koltun(2015)Robust reconstruction of indoor scenes2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 5556-5565

    同儕審查已出版已讀全文經典查證後修正

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